Marketing Director For Bright House Networks - 983 Words

Colleen Dillaway is a Sales and Marketing director for Bright House Networks. She has over 15 years of experience managing, public relations, and sales channels. She has crisis-management skills and media relations. She has a history working with ABC, CBS, NBC, and FOX news. Dillaway showed the class commercials for Bright House and explained the approaches that were taken to reach different customers. I will apply the concepts Dillaway used and apply them to our textbook. In chapter 13 Public Relations and Marketing is the main focus. Marketing is the process of researching, creating, refining, and promoting a product or service and distributing that product or service to targeted consumers (pg. 402-3). Public relations are the values-driven management of relationships between an organization and the publics that can affect its success (pg.403). Dillaway had to collect research to better understand how to gain and keep customers. In the process of her research she was also able to b etter advertise Bright House services as well. For example, Dillaway informed the class how Bright House created a commercial to aim directly at Bakersfield customers in doing this the commercial was filmed here. Chapter 13 also defines advertising as controlled media in an attempt to influence the actions of targeted publics. Going back to the Bakersfield commercial, we can see the that the targeted publics was Bakersfield consumers. Miranda Whitworth is the Marketing Manager for Kern FederalShow MoreRelatedDunkin Donuts Plan6411 Words   |  26 PagesDUNKIN’ DONUTS Fall 2006  ® The Bright Agency The Bright Agency Roger Bright- Account Executive Sara Smith- Ad Copy Director Ashley Edwards- Art Director Michelle Taube- Media Director Katie Briggs- IMC Media Sales Director Jennifer Garriques- Research Director Robert Compton- Research Director Executive Summary Our campaign with Dunkin’ Donuts sets out to re-brand the company, reflective of a company that s expanding. The campaign allots $35,000,000 for the course of a calendarRead MoreManagerial Analysis : Ulta Beauty Corporation1682 Words   |  7 Pages Ulta Beauty has produced a shop that is designed to fulfil all of the cosmetic needs of its customers. Each location across the country stock a distinctive blend of more than 20,000 esteemed cosmetic products prearranged by classification in a bright, open-space environment. 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The History Of Hiv And Aids Essay - 2469 Words

The History of HIV and AIDS In the 1980s, a mysterious disease began to take the lives of Americans. With the cause unknown, a fear grew among Americans. An unusually high rate of people was becoming sick with strange and rare diseases. When experimental treatments failed to work, people died. This mysterious disease is what we now know as HIV–Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In the past thirty-five years, the HIV has taken many turns in history. Although we do not hear about HIV and AIDS now, it is still a prevalent issue in the United States and in the world. In 1981, mysterious cases of opportunistic infections began appearing in clusters (â€Å"Timeline†). An opportunistic infection is an unusual infection that appears in people with a weakened immune system (Ojikutu). One disease, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, surfaced in five gay men living in Los Angeles. Another disease, a rare cancer called Kaposi’s sarcoma appeared in patients in both New York and Los An geles. When doctors at the time realized this, they noticed obvious similarities. The patients were separated geographically, they were only located in two cities. They were also all gay men, that were previously healthy (Ojikutu). Doctors were also finding that whatever they’re patients had was highly fatal. This mysterious disease was first called GRID, Gay-Related Immune Deficiency. Symptoms began lethargy, diarrhea, weight loss, sweats, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. Initial stages resembled the common fluShow MoreRelatedThe History of AIDS and HIV690 Words   |  3 PagesBoston area and a South African province in which 1 and 5 people are infected with the a virus that causes aids. She discuses the microscopic realm of the virus and virus infected cells to AIDS therapies. Dr. Ojiktu treats people with HIV and other infectious diseases. She enjoys linking what is happening here and overseas. She also works on a team to develop programs and do research concerning aids. 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Th e virus makes the immune system shut down and stop working. The immune system shutting down is the worst part about HIV not having any signs or symptoms to notify you of the virus is the worst part. Most people that have HIV looks health and only knewRead MoreThe Origins Of Hiv ( Immunodeficiency Syndrome )1031 Words   |  5 Pages The origins of HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) and the disease it causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The virus might have sprung up as early as the 1940’s, yet it was not recognized as a new pathogen until the early 1980s. 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The fear, stigmatization, and discriminationRead MoreHistory Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in the United States starts in 1981, the year it became recognized by country as an official new strang e disease. By 1982 it was recognized as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It started in San Francisco, with five young homosexual men, they were presented with Pneumonia (PCP). As the year went on there were more reports of homosexual men presenting PCP and some of them were diagnosed with PCP and Kaposi ´s Sarcoma (KS). Others reportsRead MoreInternational Aids Vaccine Initiative ( Iavi )900 Words   |  4 PagesInternational AIDS Vaccine Initiative According to International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) (2016) in 1983, scientists and researchers discovered that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) directly causes the immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 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What Is a Linear Programming Problem Free Essays

Linear Programming is a mathematical technique useful for allocation of scarce or limited resources to several competing activities on the basis of given criterion of optimality. The usefulness of linear programming as a tool for optimal decision-making on resource allocation, is based on its applicability to many diversified decision problems. The effective use and application requires, as on its applicability to many diversified decision problems. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is a Linear Programming Problem or any similar topic only for you Order Now The effective use and application requires, as a first step, the mathematical formulation of an LP model, when the problem is presented in words. Steps of linear programming model formulation are summarized as follows : STEP 1 : Identify the Decision Variables a) Express each constraint in words. For this you should first see whether the constraint is of the form gt;/ (at least as large as), of the form lt; (no larger than) or of the form = (exactly equal to) b) You should then verbally express the objective function c) Steps (a) and (b) should then allow you to verbally identify the decision variables If there are several decision alternatives available , then in order to identify the decision variables you need to ask yourself the question – what decisions must be made in order to optimize the objective function ? Having accomplished step 1(a) through (c) decide the symbolic notation for the decision variables and specify units of measurement. Such specification of units of measurement would help in interpreting the final solution of the LP problem . STEP 2 : Identify the Problem Data For solving a problem, we need to identify the problem data so as to provide the actual values for the decision variables. For this,†¦ How to cite What Is a Linear Programming Problem, Papers

Health Care Policy And Politics Example For Students

Health Care Policy And Politics Interest group-people who share the same interest directly with political processes Factions-special interests, pressure groups, or organized interests †¢ Development of interest groups o James Madison’s The Federalist No. 10 (1787) ï‚ § Republic ï‚ § â€Å"The best wisdom is to control the effects of interest groups† ï‚ § Interest group roots fall back on the constitution and the birth of the American version of democracy o Alexis de Tocqueville, French philosopher and politician †¢ Functions and methods of influence o Lobbying- â€Å"direct influence of public officials and ultimately an influence on their decisions or legislation† o Grass Roots Mobilization- â€Å"indirectly influencing officials through constituency contract† o Electoral Influence-â€Å"can be considered the primary prevention of policymaking because it is important activity that precedes policy work.† o Shaping public opinion- overlaps with electoral influence and grassroots mobilization; it involves issue advocacy and public percuasion, similar to campaigning for an issue †¢ Landscape of contemporary health care interest groups o American Nurses Association represented since 1974 represents as (ANA) goal- â€Å"improvement of the healthcare system in the United States† o ANA members endorsed decisions that are formulated from ANA policy focuses and not on a candidate’s party. †¢ Assessing value and considering involvement o Through involvement within interest groups nurses have capabilities of networking, engaging learning opportunities, and to improve patient care o Advocating to the highest level for all patients o Building on previous experiences and working as a team †¢ Framework for assessing Interest groups Eight Factors to consider when looking into an interest group o Efficiency-How does the group support, advocate and protect members? o Effectiveness-What are the accomplishments and outcomes the interest group focuses within? o Values- What is important to you as well as the group? Is there a connection between your passions as well beliefs within the group? o Tactics- What methods and tools are used within the group? o Visibility and responsiveness- How does social engagement and interaction affect members? o Perception- What influences of other individuals affect members? What concerns do members have to be aware of? o Costs-What are the financial contingencies members need to be aware of? o Benefits-How can members grow, succeed and make a difference among communities? †¢ Summary o Interest groups provide numerous networking opportunities o Health care policy decision topics discussions o Benefits from interest groups discuss current topics/ issues, challenges and solutions o I challenge each of you to get involved within a nursing organization 82 Current Issues in Nursing Associations Associations- â€Å"groups of people who have joined together to pursue a common purpose or goal† Registered Nurses achieve support from associations with important discussions related to compensation, hours of employment in relation to the force of labor laws, prescriptive authority, safe environments, and patient staffing ratios. â€Å"Many of these organizations advocate for nurses and nursing in a particular area of interest. Most also advocate for patients.† †¢ Nursing’s professional organizations o Membership ï‚ § Nursing associations bring benefits to public policy †¢ â€Å"Although public policy is already expensive and time consuming for organizations, much more effort is needed in helping nurses understand how this improves practice and income.† ï‚ § Why do nurses not join associations? †¢ â€Å"Nobody asked me† ï‚ § Reasons why nurses join associations †¢ Two primary reasons: networking information to build upon ï‚ § Membership retention issue among nursing organizations †¢ Economic expenses such as membership dues are not always covered by employers and then come back to nurses directly o Advocacy ï‚ § Nursing organizations advocate for nurses by funding from nursing dues or contributions to be active in congress and state legislation decision making †¢ Specifically, political action at federal and state agencies o Examples code of ethics, credentialing, working with groups with similar concerns o Leadership ï‚ § Leadership brings a commitment as well as purpose to an organization as opportunities provide privileges to grow and make a difference ï‚ § â€Å"Volunteers are the life-blood of organizations and provide countless hours in advancing the mission† ï‚ § Future in addition to present leadership numbers are a concern for many organizations due to commitments of families, personal life, work and financial constraints. †¢ Summary o 83 Professional Nursing Associations: Meeting needs of Nurses and the profession †¢ Evolution of Nursing Organizations o First Nursing Organization ï‚ § â€Å"late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries† ï‚ § â€Å"Royal British Nursing Association† ï‚ § Came about from â€Å"alumnae associations, nursing schools and alumnae groups† †¢ Nursing organizations and today’s nurses o Over 120 specialty nursing associations in the United States o Discuss current and future health concerns ï‚ § An example of The Code of Ethics for Nurses (ANA) †¢ â€Å"The professional of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values form maintaining the integrity of the profession and its, practice and for the shaping social policy. (p.24) †¢ The relationship of associations and their members â€Å"Nursing associations need members, and nurses need associations† With health care always changing it is important to have support from an association as well as continue to support one another within the nursing profession. o Member benefits: Gain knowledge, education, information, friendships, networking, volunteer prospects, project opportunities, professional engagement as well as advancement. o Educational resources: Achieving new knowledge to enriching nursing skills/practice and direct patient care. o Career advancement: Volunteering as well as joining as a member provides resume building, leadership, and mentor professional development. o Antidote to compassion stress and fatigue: â€Å"Nurses who participate in association conference or who use association-sponsored networking tools report feeling professionally supported and invigorated as an outcome of these collegial interactions (Sadovich, 2005)† o Professional satisfaction: Building relationships as well as friendships within a profession organization allows personal professional achievements through continually growing as an individual. o Leadership development: Imperative for nurses to build knowledge among each other, allows for experience in communication, skills and teamwork. †¢ Where and When To Volunteer o Choosing Which Organization To Join ï‚ § Giving back throughout communities brings personal satisfaction and positive gratititude o When To Join and How To Volunteer ï‚ § Personal choice based on professional goals and interest †¢ Organizational Structure-What makes the organization what iti is? Understand the Mission. Does the organization support my values and beliefs? †¢ Bylaws- â€Å"rule book† Keep in mind bylaws â€Å"outline the purpose of the organization† †¢ Governance Policies- Provide possibly for appropriate and not appropriate changes based on organization values Huck finn Essay Thesis89 Taking Action The Virginia Nursing Kitchen Cabinet o Kitchen Cabinet Mission ï‚ § Founded by: Legislative Coalition of Virginia Nurses Association ï‚ § Promote awareness to candidates regarding nursing profession shortage, advise resolutions, effect political campaigns and transform public policy ï‚ § 90 The Politics of Pharmaceutical Industry †¢ Medications Demands on patients o Values Conflict ï‚ § Increase profits †¢ New medications †¢ Demands for current medications o Detailing-â€Å"combines education-like activity with traditional advertising† ï‚ § It was estimated in 2005, â€Å"6.8 billion dollars or 22% of promotion spending† departed toward detailing †¢ Along with, â€Å"18.4 billion or 58% of promotion spending went to free drug samples† †¢ Public concerns o â€Å"The public wants treatment to be based solely on a clinical assessment of the patient’s best interests, not on personal or monetary considerations tied to specific medications, but industry promotion is designed to sell particular drugs in service of the company’s primary goal of profitability† Discussion Questions What is one of your biggest concerns as you further your education in regards to advanced practice roles as an educator or as a nurse practitioner in relation to policy and politics? How has or will a nursing organization you have joined or are considering to join influenced your current nursing practice? What do you hope to get out of the nursing organization experience? Where do you see Pharmaceutical Industry in 5, 10 and 20 years from today? What do you hope comes in the future? How will the patient experience be influenced?

Quality Metrics It Project Management Essay Example

Quality Metrics It Project Management Essay This Project Quality Metrics Template is free for you to copy and use on your project and within your organization. We hope that you find this template useful and welcome your comments. Public distribution of this document is only permitted from the Project Management Docs official website at: www. ProjectManagementDocs. com Quality Metrics Company Name Street Address City, State Zip Code Date Table of Contents Introduction2 Metrics2 Metrics Measurement and Data Collection4 Quality Management Review4 Introduction Quality metrics are a key component of an effective quality management plan and are the measurements used in ensuring customers receive acceptable products or deliverables. Quality metrics are used to directly translate customer needs into acceptable performance measures in both products and processes. Project managers must be able to assess the progress, efficiency, and performance of their projects and metrics are the means which allow project managers to do this. However, it is important to note that metrics must be established in an effort to directly improve the product or processes involved in the project. They must be attributable to an established goal, threshold, or customer requirement or else they provide no value. ABC Corporation has approved the Beta Tool project which requires the design, building, testing of the Beta Tool to be used with Argo Tooling Company’s proprietary fastening device CamBolt. In accordance with the Beta Tool Quality Management Plan, ABC Corp. will use various metrics in order to ensure efficient processes are established and that the product meets the customer requirements for delivery. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Metrics It Project Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Metrics It Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Metrics It Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All metrics have been reviewed and approved by internal executive leadership and project sponsor as well as the customer, Argo Tooling Co. Metrics This section should list the metrics chosen for this project and a description of each. These descriptions should include an explanation of how the metric applies to the quality of the product or process it is being used to measure. Additionally, any thresholds or limits should be clearly stated in this section. Metrics should always be clear, measurable, controllable, and reportable. Based on customer product requirements, internal process standards, and applicable industry standards, the following metrics have been established for the Beta Tool Project. These metrics have been reviewed and approved internally and with the customer, Argo Tooling Co. : a. Tensile Strength: The Beta Tool will be used in various industrial environments under high material stress loads. Based on anticipated customer usage and industry tooling standards, it has been determined that the tensile strength of the Beta Tool must meet or exceed 500 mega-pascals (MPa). Tensile strength will be measured for each prototype of ABC Corp. ’s tensile bench. The results will be verified by ABC Corp. ’s Material Testing Manager and presented to stakeholders in the monthly Beta Tool Quality Management Review. b. Shear Strength: The Beta Tool will be subject to potentially high stress torque loads in various applications. Based on anticipated customer usage and industry tooling standards, it has been determined that the shear strength of the Beta Tool must meet or exceed 375 MPa. Shear strength will be measured for each prototype on ABC Corp. s shear stress bench. The results will be verified by ABC Corp. ’s Material Testing Manager and presented to stakeholders in the monthly Beta Tool Quality Management Review. c. Customer Satisfaction: The Beta Tool is being developed for usage by Argo Tooling Co. technicians. Each prototype will be tested by a panel of Argo technicians on various criteria. Argo technicians will be asked to rate the B eta Tool on a scale of 1 to 10 for each criteria. The scores will then be calculated to determine a total average score. Customer satisfaction much be greater than or equal to 8 out of 10 for each criteria with no individual score lower than a 7. ABC Corp. will then solicit feedback from Argo technicians on areas for improvement. 1) Customer Satisfaction Criteria: Comfort, Ergonomic Functionality, Adjustability, Aesthetics, Size, Dexterity d. Material Scrap: In order to minimize costs and reduce waste, ABC Corp. has internally established metrics for measuring and controlling material scrap for its tool manufacturing efforts. The Beta Tool Project will be subject to internal guidelines regarding material scrap. The Beta Tool manufacturing process must result in material waste below 1% of the total material used in the manufacturing of one tool. Waste is defined as material that cannot be re-used or re-allocated for another purpose. Waste will be calculated for each prototype. No manufacturing process will be approved unless it yields less than 1% of waste material per unit manufactured. Only once this has been achieved will the process be approved for operations. e. Product Defect Rate: In order to minimize costs, reduce waste, and achieve consistent quality, ABC Corp. as internally established metrics for measuring and controlling product defects. The Beta Tool Project will be subject to internal guidelines regarding product defects. The approved manufacturing process must be repeatable, produce a Beta Tool product which meets previous quality metrics, and incurs a defect rate less than one item per every five hundred. Product defects result in wasted costs for manufacturing personnel and equipment, material waste, and re-work. In order to minimize the impact of these costs all Beta Tools will be measured against approved specifications and metrics. Each tool must conform to the metrics herein while also meeting product specifications within the allowable tolerances contained in the project scope. |Metric |Standard |Frequency |Report | |Tensile Strength |? 500 MPa |Per prototype |Monthly Quality Management | | | | |Review (QMR) | |Shear Strength |? 75 MPa |Per prototype |Monthly QMR | |Customer Satisfaction |8/10 or higher with no |Per prototype |Monthly QMR | | |individual score below 7 | | | |Material Waste |lt; 1% based on total material |Per prototype |Monthly QMR | | |used per tool | | | |Product Defect Rate |lt; 1 out of 500 |Per production of 500 tools |As achieved | Metrics Measurement and Data Collection This section should describe in detail how metrics measurements will be taken and what will be done with the data. These measurements are key to the success of the product and project and there must be clear documentation on how the data will be used. As each Beta Tool prototype is completed the project’s quality manager will measure the tool against the customer specifications contained in the project scope. These specifications pertain to the specific dimensions of the tool and its total weight. The quality manager will ensure that the prototype falls within the allowable specification tolerances and document the findings on the quality inspection form contained in the Project Quality Management Plan. Additionally, the manufacturing line manager and Project Manager will calculate material waste by determining the percentage of waste as compared to the total amount of material used for the tool. The Project Manager will document these findings and consolidate them to present at the Quality Management Review. Once the tool is determined to meet the customer specifications, it will be submitted to the Argo Technical Manager where Argo technicians will test the tool for 2 days. Upon completion of testing the Argo Technical Manager will return the tool to the ABC Project Manager along with the completed customer satisfaction forms contained in the Project Quality Management Plan. Once the tool is determined to meet customer satisfaction requirements the Project Manager will submit the tool to the Materials Testing Manager where it will undergo tensile and shear strength tests in the Material Lab. The Materials Testing Manager and Project Manager will verify and document all findings and consolidate the data for presentation at the Quality Management Review. Once all measurements are completed for each prototype, the Project Manager, Quality Manager, and Project Team will meet to review and compile data and develop their recommendations based on the findings. If any of the metrics have not been satisfied, the Project Manager will include recommendations for correcting the metric in the Quality Management Review. This may be a small change to a process parameter or consist of a larger scale process or product quality improvement initiative. This free Project Quality Metrics Template is brought to you by www. ProjectManagementDocs. com

The Automotive industry essays

The Automotive industry essays The Automotive Industry in Emerging Economies: A Comparison of Korea, Brazil, China and India Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad 380015, India The automotive industry in Korea, Brazil, China and India is currently going through impressive growth. Governments have played a key role in the evolution of the industry in all these countries. The Korean industry has made the most significant progress, and is now exporting cars to developed markets. It is the only country that invested in R development, retained management control in joint ventures with multinational companies (MNCs), and had ambitious export targets. The industry in Brazil is controlled entirely by MNCs. Although this has led to growth and adoption of lean production, indigenous product development is lacking. Tariff barriers have come down, forcing domestic production to become more market responsive. Fluctuating tariffs and taxes, and cyclical demand have characterized the industry. Indian industry is experiencing a revolution with rapid growth and the entry of 9 MNCs and plans for 3 more to enter in the next two years. The Chinese industry is also growing very rapidly although it is still highly fragmented. Passenger cars are only 15% of total vehicle production in China. Demand in Brazil, India and China is highly price sensitive and growth is led by the demand for a small car. Higher taxes on mid and large size cars give the small car a big price advantage. Import duties for components imply that the supplier base in these countries needs to develop fast. The supplier industry could become a A major implication is that the future in China and India, the two biggest potential markets with the highest growth rates, is uncertain though bright. Governments seem to appreciate the necessity for stable policies and progressive deregulation, and regard the automotive industry as one of the pillars for economic gro...

Monetary policy in the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Monetary policy in the US - Research Paper Example A monetary policy is the number one responsible for the country’s economic progress and the state’s overall development. The country’s monetary policy manages extensively all financial matters that concern the state. Its formulation requires a wide-range of consideration and employs complex economic concepts. Various factors affect the country’s financial condition which in effect impacts the overall development of the monetary system. It is the same with the United States, it takes a careful study and analytical approach when dealing with the monetary policy of the country. A monetary policy is the number one responsible for the country’s economic progress and the state’s overall development. The country’s monetary policy manages extensively all financial matters that concern the state. Its formulation requires a wide-range of consideration and employs complex economic concepts. Various factors affect the country’s financial condition which in effect impacts the overall development of the monetary system. It is the same with the United States, it takes a careful study and analytical approach when dealing with the monetary policy of the country. A monetary policy is the number one responsible for the country’s economic progress and the state’s overall development. The country’s monetary policy manages extensively all financial matters that concern the state. Its formulation requires a wide-range of consideration and employs complex economic concepts. Various factors affect the country’s financial condition which in effect impacts the overall development of the monetary system. It is the same with the United States, it takes a careful study and analytical approach when dealing with the monetary policy of the country. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW There had been numerous texts on the subject of monetary policy published in the past. It ranges from the theory of monetary policy to specific monetary policy applications. Authors like Michael Woodford, V. Chick have written manuscripts on the Theory of Monetary Policy such as the Interest and Prices: Foundations of a Theory of Monetary Policy, and The evolution of the banking system and the theory of monetary policy, respectively. Frederic Mishkin has written a Monetary Policy analysis in Monetary Policy Strategy. Manuscripts about monetary policy in the U.S. had also been published by authors like Richard Timberlake and John Odell. Monetary Policy in the United States: An Intellectual and Institutional History, and U.S. international monetary policy: Markets, power, and ideas as sources of change, respectively. 3. THE RESEARCH 3.1 BACKGROUND OF THE U.S. ECONOMY Today, America is one of the richest countries in the world with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita of $48,442 (â€Å"World Bank†). It ranked seventh on Forbes 2012 World’s Richest Countries based on the Purchasing Power Parity Adjusted - GDP per Capita (â€Å"World’s Richest Countries†). In terms of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) alone, America has the largest national economy in the world. The country currently has a GDP of $14, 657.8 billion which corresponds to almost 25% of the entire world’s GDP (â€Å"2012 Macro-Economic†). The country dominates world’s major industries like electronics, energy and medicine in the form of services, industrial and trading (â€Å"

Teaching Math Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Teaching Math - Essay Example Learning disabilities (LD) seriously interfere with students' achievement in mathematics thus putting them at a higher risk of having problems in meeting the obligatory academic standards as compared to the normal student population. Thus, some recent studies report that between 4-7% of the school age population experiences some form of math difficulty as a result of LDs (Fuchs & Compton, 2005). Granted the increasingly strict graduation requirements imposed on high school seniors in mathematics the risk is even greater these days than ever before. The lack of specialized teacher training, coupled with insufficient amounts and poor availability of effective study material and traditional LD-friendly curricula contributes substantially to the already huge educational issues the average US students with a learning disability must face (Miller & Mercer,1997). Various behavioral disorders (BD) such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in students represent another highly important problem in terms of teaching and learning mathematics. Thus, ADD/ADHD is one of the most commonly met behavioral disorders in the U.S.: approximately 7.8% of children and adolescents aged from 4 to 17 are diagnosed with it (Chang, 2005). The base prevalence of ODD is also estimated within the range of 1.7% -almost 10% (Rey, 1993). These behavioral disorders are also commonly associated with serious academic problems, including problems in learning mathematics (Todd et al, 1999). In fact, it will not be an exaggeration to state that BDs are almost always associated with LDs. Thus, one of the latest studies in this field reports that 71% of children with ADHD also have a LD and 26% of children with ADHD have a specific math disability (Mayes & Calhoun, 2006). However, despite the growing recognition that students with some form of LD or BD have unique learning needs, up to now the majority of such students are taught without any reference to their needs, including those in learning mathematics, in the general education classroom. One possible reason for such disappointing situation is lack of literature on teaching math for students with LD and BD: some researchers observe that the literature on teaching math is scarce even when compared with the existing research in the field of teaching other subjects such as language and reading - a situation that is hardly acceptable considering the importance of mathematics in modern world (Steele, 2004). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the most interesting works in the field of teaching math for students with LD. Literature Review There is a solid body of literature exploring definitions, diagnostic criteria, and many other formal aspects of LD with some authors focusing specifically on mathematics (Dockrell & McShane, 1993; Adelman & Taylor, 1993; Lerner, 1993; Butterworth, Cipolotti & Warrington, 1996). Similarly, a serious body of research is dedicated

Personal Organizational Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Personal Organizational Development - Assignment Example As the report declares after graduating from the Business with International Management program at the Newcastle Business School in Northumbria University, the plan is to return to Kuwait and apply the theoretical frameworks of the course to business and management operating functions at KPC. It is affirmed that the course has enabled the development of the most appropriate skills set which would prepare me for job positions at KPC where core competence and competitive advantages would be exuded, as compared to other graduates from similar fields of endeavor. This paper stresses that the earnings potentials for graduates with a degree in Business with International Management range from  £72,105 for international finance management graduates to  £76,054 for international marketing management graduates. In a more conservative site, the median salary for graduates from the program and who work as management analysts receive  £52,479, while administrative service managers receive  £54,082. In Kuwait, the earning potentials for graduates from the program are actually greater due to the absence of personal income taxes. Thus, the range perceivable earnings for graduates of the program would be KWD 13,918 to KWD 42,539. As such, the earning potentials are relatively high and lucrative which makes the field of study attractive to be pursued. Graduates from the program would most likely meet increasing competition from students who graduate in similar fields of discipline.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Tesco

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Tesco 1.0 Introduction 1.1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CSR is defined as the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their quality of life. http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.. It can also be defined as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. http://www.emagltd.co.uk/SMMT%20Sustainability%20Business%20Case.pdf Corporate social responsibility is one of the organisation responses to regularise the imbalances resulting from the acceleration of the global contributions to societies where they operate. CSR is the practice of managing the social, environmental and economic impacts of the company, being responsive to stakeholders (those who are affected by a business operation) and behaving according to a set of values which are not codified in law. In practice the term process. http://www.ethicalconsumer.org.uk/magazine/indexes/productindex.htm CSR describes the principle that companies can and should make a positive contribution to society. Refer to a wide range of actions that companies may take, from donating to charity to reducing carbon emissions, Environmental awareness and friendliness http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/ecology/restore.htm. The contributions are of many dimensions but mention in the following line a few: corporate philanthropy Cause-related marketing Sponsoring awards, social and environmental reporting Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement Eco-efficiency, employment diversity business ethics (htt://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles accessed on 23rd November 2009) TASK 1 1.2 The Approach to CSR in TESCO Supermarket TESCO plc could be described as a grocery selling company that is duly register in the groceries market. We shall be looking at the its approaches to issue of csr to its strategies, policies and business practices through its business core value . the definition of the company core value, was dusted to have said â€Å"our core value no one tried harder to customer , and treat people how we like to be treated characterised our approach to Corporate Social Responsibility†. It is the believe of the company that she can achieve most when they work together on practical thing that make a difference. Every little help, can become great deal when everyone pulls in same direction. (: http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.1 Environment. Tesco promote environmental issues through training package in oder to create enough awareness on the issue on environment and to allow the company to maximize its operational effectiveness initiatives 1.2.2 Community. In several attempt to give back to the society where tesco operates tesco create special support for children community based projects and education programmes in order to create a peaceful environment to operate. ./ http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.3 Suppliers ethical trading In other to maintain high ethical standard in it business practices, the company is said to be encouraging a long term trade relationship with supplier with a centralized distribution system with transparency and accountability to promote good quality of rang products and services at competitive pricing. (http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.4 Customers choice and health It promote the health of the customers through the management of customers choices. This cold be confirmed throght the following slogan of commitment and promise of good range of prodct and service: Be Inclusive by: which mean tesco will continue to appeal to a broad range of customers and that the company will offer something for everyone through an extensive product range, offering price and product choice, in food and non-food) ,Be Innovative by leading new customer developments: new product development, retail services and technology,.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.5 People / workers Employee are given opportunities of carrier development programmes through Training and development programme with effective communication to facilitate staffs feedback, ,rewards and benefit are us to motivate workers is based on performances on the job, pension schema, save as you earn, family friendly working through flexible hours of work to accommodate mother education. ( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.6 Genetic Modification: removal of GM and increase in non GM option for our customer by adding organic ranges(organic food) ,labeling animal welfare and animal testing by not allowing none of the suppliers is allow to test product on animal but by using known ingredient human volunteer trials, .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) Property :tesco store is usually built with accessing line with the customers comfort and the regulation, landscaping is done with approval by local authority planning department.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.3 The Impact of EU Membership on CSR Approach The TESCO CSR as been affected by continued EU membership as the ten point gender were tailored to address the requirement of the EU in terms of social responsibilities that is expected of any company that is operating in their communities. This is to appeal to the society where it operate being a company from non EU country TESCO is a company originated from the non EU, European Union in it full context was established in order to promote economic corporation among the members, by removing trade barriers and also for common external trade policies within the members and the rest of the world. In the other way round, this is has put TESCO under certain law restriction ,even while it deem it fit to exercise its CSR agenda without an EU legal implication, such decision was been confirm recently as the TESCO had place sales embargo or restriction on its purchase from Zimbabwe. In the global content, looking at barrier in different regulation governing business operation around the world, this might render most of the good intention undone. Such differences in regulation is characterised by the imbalance between the developed countries and developing countries as regards how its been governed, especially in the developing countries that lack good governance ,where most of the multinational operate without any or less attention to the environment where they operate . Most importantly the same company might not be able to do it in the developed countries. The cartel formed through any economic union groups such as EU could hinder the implementation of corporate social responsibility .Just as the decision taking by the union superseded that of the company, therefore will not be willing to dam the consequences of being an act against the instruction of the union. TASK2 2.0 THE TESCO POLICIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES 2.1 A. the policies adopted by Tesco on the environmental awareness and the actions to maintain the environment 2.1.1Climate Change Tesco supports the governments commitments to the Kyoto protocol on climate change. It is among of the Tesco targets to reducing its energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change. .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.1.2 Waste Management and Recycling In order to reduce the waste in their operation tesco is committed to reduce level of waste and to encourage recycling programme as much as possible.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009). .The supermarkets also have an effective recycling programme in place for its operations which board, and plastic balers in the stores and depots. These balers enable our staff to segregate packaging waste from other waste and mean that Tesco stores send no packaging waste to landfill sites. .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009). the company also make sure that all the waste contractor used are EPA licence 2.1.4 Disposal of used products Tesco have put arrangements in place with specialist contractors to ensure the environmentally compliant disposal of the fluorescent light tubes, tires, batteries and engine oils that tesco use in its business.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 2.1.5 Plastic Bag Schemes tesco has been working hand in hand with government in supporting the government since it has introduced levels in march 2002. Tesco help in collection the fees and encourage the reuse of the bags.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.1.6 Customer recycling schemes in order to assist the public to play their own part on the environmental issues Tesco also lunched in store recycling scheme for customer to disposed their mobile phone.where they can also make charity donation or collect club card point on their accounts .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.2 B. actions which Tesco has been taken in order to maintain the environment 2.2.1 Revolution in green consumption Tesco have made strides towards a revolution in green consumption incentivising the environmental option and making it more affordable. Through their unique Green Club card scheme, we have reduced carrier bag use by over one billion, more than any other retailer, and we are on track to save an extra billion bags in the next year. 2.2.2 Reduction in c02 emission In a bid to contribute to the reduction of C02 the company has established a target to sell 10 million of energy efficiency light bulbs per anum, to reduce energy consumption by half per each square foot right from 2001 which could be said to be two years ahead of target, carborn intensive in the tesco stores has been reduced to 22% since 2007. http://www.advfn.com/news). in totalty of the approach , tesco has been able to reduce the CO2 by 10% in one year. 2.2.3 Contribution to the Community. Tesco has claimed that its staff has achieved more successful Charity of the Year ever, by raising  £4.4 million for the British Red Cross. it was also claimed that they have donating  £100,000 to the British Red Cross flood appeal last summer, they also make provision for hygiene, foods and bottle water for the affected communities in important part of the south west.( http://www.advfn.com/news). 2.2.4 Contribution to health research programmes tesco has been contributing to health through sponsoring of games and events.it has help over i.5m people to get active this year through wich it has been able to get about 665000 people to take part in 5km running through cancer research UKs Race for life plus 21000 tesco staff. Tesco also runs partnership relationship with football association as way to get 2million people to run up to the London olympic2012. Tesco also run programme in supporting football at the local level as a way of encouraging children to participate in sport events. http://www.advfn.com/news). 2.3 C. policies adopted to improve Health and safety practises at the work place in Tesco In the Tesco health and safety policies, Tesco is foremost concern about the protection of health and safety of all employee, Tesco claimed to have adopted policies and procedures which are aimed at ensuring that the company meet or exceed all applicable health and safety laws and regulation as well as prevailing industry standards For these reasons employees are expected to be aware of how the companys health and safety policies apply to them and conduct their duties and responsibility in compliance with these policies. In 2006 TESCO set a three-year target to reduce the rate of reportable accidents in our UK workplace by 10%. At the end of the first two years we have already comfortably beaten the target, with a reduction of 14%. Reportable customer accidents on premises are also significantly down, by 15% since 2006. Tesco promise to continue to strive to push the rates down even further http://www.tesco.ie/crreview08/people-progress5.html . The company also affirmed to continue to attract and retain the best staff based on our core value, treat people how we like to be treated, by making Tesco a rewarding place to work.( http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) However these approaches seem to address issue of health and safety as it is being required by law but the interest of the employees was seems not adequately protected. The policies seem to be silence about the importance of training the employees on the better handling of health and safety. This could be confirmed in a recent case of Tesco and one of it is employees. Supermarket chain Tesco was fined  £22,000 after a general assistant lost one of his fingers attempting to fix a Master mover machine. Darryl Mosley was working at Tesco in Haverford west in south West Wales and was trying to use the pedestrian electric tug machine to move roll cages. When he realised the mechanism on the equipment was faulty, he attempted to fix it manually. (Published by Tesco admin on March 27, 2009) In respect to environmental awareness, Tesco have it in its policies to minimize the effect of her operation on the natural environment â€Å"We endeavour to meet all regulation and the industry standards by implementing appropriate measure for the assessment of the potential environmental effects and for appropriate response to any incident that may occurred. Employee is also charge to be familiar with the required environmental standard that applies to their works at Tesco and to comply with these standards at all times. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) TASK 3 3.0 ANALYSIS OF THE WORKFORCE DIVERSITY AND EMPLOYEE WELFARE IN TESCO AND THE APPROACHES IT HAS USED IN MANAGING AND EXPLOITING THE WORKFORCE DIVERSITY FOR ITS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 3.1 Steps that has been taken in ensuring Workforce Diversity and Employee Welfare in Tesco plc 3.2 Introduction of diversity strategy and policies Tesco want everyone at Tesco to meet their full potential regardless of age, gender, disability, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Tesco diversity strategy and policies aims for a workforce at all levels that mirrors the communities we serve. The priorities reflect those of the countries in which we operate. Tesco focus on employing local people and developing local leaders wherever we operate. Of the 180,000 people employed in their international business, fewer than 200 are from our UK business. http://www.tescoreports.com/crreview08/downloads/tesco_valuing_our_people.pdf access on 20th nov.2009) 3.3 Ethnic and cultural diversity TESCO diversity policies do not discriminate on the basis of ethnic origin. and it also promote understanding of different cultures to help employees work effectively together .inter religion approach is encourage by the company as the store in UK celebrate cultural festivals with the British festivals. In other word, it promote .In 2007, this toolkit was updated to cover the growing range of cultures and countries our employees and customers come from, including Bangladesh, the Caribbean, China, Ghana, India, Pakistan, Poland and Somalia. http://www.tescoreports.com/crreview08/downloads/tesco_valuing_our_people.pdf 3.4 Employees to different people of cultural background Introduction of the workforce diversity practices in Tesco has allow the company to enjoy multicultural business advantages , an approach which has made him to capture more market supermarket sector especially in united kingdom where there is full presence of people of different cultural background. Employees of different background are brought together to work in the same company, this facilitate motivation among the workers and therefore lead to hi retentions of the workers in Tesco. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009 3.5 No discrimination on Age ground There is no retirement age in any of the countries where we operate and employ people in their 70s and 80s. In 2007, we launched apprenticeships in the UK for people of all ages to help them develop their careers. 3.6 Gender and sexual Orientation In 2007 the Tesco Womens Network, was launched which aims to help female managers and directors progress. Around 150 women from across the Group attended the launch event. We are in the process of forming a similar network for sexual orientation. http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) 3.7 Flexible working TESCO support flexible hours whenever possible. In the UK this includes family-friendly shifts, opportunities for full- and part-time workers, childcare vouchers and career breaks. TESCO also encourage job sharing, flexi-time and compressed hours, shift swaps, home working and part-time working when practical. This has given Tesco the advantage of high commitment and reduces employees turn over. 3.8 Human rights Tesco is committed to upholding basic Human Rights and supports in full the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Labour Organization Core Conventions. Tesco provide a safe working environment for our employees by minimizing foreseeable risks in the workplace. Employees have the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining. http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/corporate_responsibility_09/people/human_rights/ This create high sense of belonging among the Tesco workers and they trusted their careers with Tesco where they felt their right where been protected. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) 4.0 CONCLUSION Organisation now find itself in a wider environment that is full of turbulent and unpredictable .This is an important issue that is correcting any myopic thinking that organisation objective is all about profit maximisation , but also to consider the issue of corporate social responsibility as a matter of high priority. No organisation can exist without the environment and the profit objective can also be affected if attention is not given to it .It also bring about the ethical issue that has to do with organisation values and how the corporate organisation relate with the environment. The social responsibilities also involve the organisation culture and value and how the employees are treated in the work place. There would not be any doubt, if corporate social responsibility is an obligation require from individual organisations which could be varies in proportion to the capacity of such organisation and the implication of their service on the environment. In the global context organisation that are Multinational, International Transnational, finds themselves in volatile and conflicting zone of the great corporate social responsibilities. Economic unions ,political groups and other form of pressure groups are in place to make sure that organisation are made to attend to the social responsibility as one of the companys objectives .This has constituted a lot of conflicts in dealing with regulations due to different in regulations and other environmental changes in different countries and continents. The contents of which were differ from each other .It is therefore considered that organisation and the environment could not be separated or treat in isolation one is the function of another :and to make the other work, one need to reciprocate in term of its obligation in the area of responsibilities. Just the way everything seems to have been working for Tesco UK PLC. 4.1 Recommendation As a result of the conclusion to this report the relevant of the corporate responsibilities to organisation performance and to the achievement of the organisation overall goals could no longer be denied. Hence this report will give room for more report on the issue of the CSR and how the organisation can apply that to gain competitive advantage. REFERENCES Richard C. (2006) New Era of Management, Thomson South West, ISE, U K. http//www.eu htt://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles accessed on 23rd November 2009) htt://www.tescocorporate.com/page.aspx?poitend accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc/ir/rns/rnsitem?id=1214847199nRn2d9573Xt=popup_rn .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) (12-9-09) http://www.advfn.com/news_Final-Results_27119452.html World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Cross Cutting Themes -Corporate Responsibility 2004. Available at http://www.wbcsd.org, accessed May 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1450context=commpapers accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/corporat/ accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tesco.ie/crreview08/people-progress5.html accessed on 2nd December, 2009

McCain vs. Obama :: John McCain Barack Obama

The 2008 democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama and the republican presidential nominee John McCain are both very well political speakers when it comes to the presidential election, but have certain issues that they differ on. To name a few issues are abortion, economy, same sex issues, taxes, and the war in Iraq. Which ever presidential candidate becomes elected this year, it will be a year to make the history books. If Barack Obama becomes elected he will be the first black president of the United States and if John McCain becomes elected his running mate Sarah Palin will be the first ever woman Vice President in America. It will truly be an interesting and history-making race for future generations to study. Barack Obama is forty-seven years old and born on August 4th 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii (obama-mccain.info). John McCain is seventy-two years old and born on August 29th 1936 in the Panama Canal Zone where his mother and father, both naval officers, were stationed (obama-mccain.info) Both their family roots have a bit of Scottish and Irish, but Obama’s ancestry also includes the Cherokee Indians and Lueo people of Kenya. John McCain graduated in Episcopal High School in Virginia and then went on to the United States Naval Academy in 1958 (obama-mccain.info). Barack Obama went to many different schools up through high school but then attended Occidental College in Los Angeles for two years then went to Columbia University in New York for political science. He then continued school at Harvard University and graduated in the top ten percentile of his class. When Obama was interviewed about his grades in school he simply replied with, â€Å"Graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School and a D in 8th grade French† (obama-mccain.info). Differences in both presidential candidates begin to arise most when you look at their military service and religious backrounds. John McCain is Episcopal whereas Barrack Obama belonged to the United Church of Christ for twenty years. Obama’s resignation from this church followed many offensive comments by his reverend. Obama also has no military experience while John McCain has had Naval aviator training, attended the United States Navy from 1958-1981, served in Vietnam, and was awarded numerous times for his achievements. Both contenders have had much experience in politics nevertheless. They have been senators at one time in their lives and each candidate has superb charisma and speaking talents.

Strategic Planning in the Airline Industry

Airline Planning Strategic Planning in the Airline Industry a two-day Seminar The Challenge Rapid and intense change in today’s business climate reshapes the fundamental approach to strategic decision-making. New thinking for ways to face the two vital strategy issues – where will the airline be in the future and how to get there – must emerge so that a modern air carrier can leverage its strength and capitalize on opportunities. Creating innovative strategies for the new business paradigm marks a proactive approach to the challenges in the volatile, yet exciting, airline business.Airlines that embrace a dynamic outlook for strategic planning are positioned favorably to prosper financially and operationally in face of uncertainties and complexities in this business. The strategic plan and its components influence every aspect of running a commercial air carrier. As such, it is critical to devise effective strategies and execute them efficiently. Organizational un its depend on clear understanding of the strategic issues so that they can plan accordingly and carry out the responsibilities created by the strategic plan.Strategic planning brings about an opportunity to examine carefully ways that the airline is conducting its business, and finding new methods to do a better job. Designing and delivering the airline’s services in today’s demanding marketplace requires sophisticated coordination between business units of the airline. Strategic planning serves as a mechanism to create a framework for integrating various contributions to deliver the airline’s offerings. Strategy-based planning addresses both the resource allocation and organization structural issues.Developing a business model for the airline based on a strategic analysis of opportunities and requirements form a platform for planning resources going forward. It also responds to: †¢ †¢ †¢ limitations in utilizing resources uncertainties of the fut ure dynamics of the airline business Business Requirements Strategic Management Strategic management is a disciplined yet adaptive endeavor to chart the future of the airline and align the activities of all business units in that direction.This attempt must be flexible, not rigid, so that the roadmap that it creates can be applied in building sensible operating and tactical plans that can incorporate new realities as the future unfolds. The strategy-savvy airlines reap the rewards of performing better while avoiding the detrimental effects of unstructured, undisciplined response to strategic challenges. Over time, only the airlines will survive that can master designing an advanced yet pragmatic strategic planning process.Such a process must encompass all significant considerations for constructing a blueprint of actions and allocating resources for properly executing those actions. CA Advisors 1250 Aviation Avenue Suite 200M San Jose, California 95110 USA Tel: 408-295-7730 Fax: 408 -280-5700 www. ca-advisors. com Gesellschaft fuer Markt und Strategieberatung Sonnenberger Strasse 52 65193 Wiesbaden GERMANY Tel: 0611-37577-39 Fax: 0611-37577-40 www. gms-beratung. com What is the airline trying to achieve? How is the airline going to achieve it? Objectives Strategy Strategic Analyses StructureHow will the airline organize its resources? Business Model Policies What are the operating rules and boundaries? Strategy-based Planning Structured Approach to Strategic Planning Seminar agenda†¦ Day One †¢ Introduction – strategic management perspective – structured approach to strategic planning Day Two †¢ Planning Optimization – allocating resources – developing prioritization †¢ Airline Business – unique features – models and economics †¢ Financial Planning – investment analysis – financing methods †¢ Strategy Development – practical considerations – innovative approaches †¢ Asset Valuation Real Options methodology – managing uncertainties †¢ Strategic Planning Process – components and requirements – execution and evaluation †¢ Integrated Strategic Management – thriving financially – performing operationally Who should attend†¦ This seminar delivers methods and tools for creating innovative strategies and executing strategic plans at both the corporate level and organizational units. Lessons learned can be quickly applied, facilitating the complex process of strategic decision-making. Airline corporate development and strategic planning executives, managers, and analysts directly profit from this seminar.Those responsible for long-range planning of various functional areas, business development, fleet planning, product and service development, corporate finance, treasury and financing, financial and investment analysis, financial planning and budgeting who directly face the challenges in strateg ic planning are the primary audience. Others in scheduling, marketing, and operations, who are impacted by strategic plans, are also encouraged to attend so that they can benefit from understanding the difficult and complex process of developing strategies and implementing strategic decisions that significantly impact the airline.Benefit from experienced leaders†¦ Two experts who combine extensive experience in strategic planning, airline strategies, and market development with knowledge of advanced quantitative planning and management science techniques will present the seminar. Jahan Alamzad Email: jahan. [email  protected] com Jahan Alamzad is president of CA Advisors. He has served as advisor to Applied Decision Analysis (ADA), a unit of Standard & Poor’s Corporate Value Consulting, where he was previously the director of airline practice. (ADA was a wholly owned subsidiary of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLC between 1998 and 2001. ) Mr.Alamzad has been a management cons ultant in the airline and aerospace industries for the past seventeen years. Before his consulting career, he worked at American Airlines and United Airlines. Mr. Alamzad holds a masters in operations research from Stanford University, as well as a masters in industrial and systems engineering from the University of Southern California, and bachelors degrees in civil engineering and electrical engineering from the University of Illinois. He has served on the faculty of the Department of Aviation at San Jose State University, and has collaborated in publishing a textbook entitled Airline Management.Maciej Mazurowicz Email: maciej. [email  protected] de Maciej Mazurowicz is managing partner of Gesellschaft fuer Markt- und Strategieberatung (GMS). Prior to GMS, Mr. Mazurowicz worked at Lufthansa German Airlines in different strategic management positions. At Lufthansa Consulting, he managed a variety of business development projects for airlines worldwide. Mr. Mazurowicz holds a Mast er of Business Administration and bachelors in business from the University of Kiel. His publications include articles on behalf of the German Ministry of Economics concerning product development and management of innovations.About CA Advisors†¦ www. ca-advisors. com CA Advisors is a management consulting firm dedicated to providing state-of-the-art analytical services. By applying powerful and practical tools, the firm helps its client understand their business positions and improve their strategic and operational decisions. To ensure the success of its work, the firm is committed to collaborating closely with its clients, communicating clearly about its approach, and delivering valuable results that are logically sound. For many years, the work of CA Advisors rofessionals has spanned a wide range of projects. The firm has a focused and dedicated practice in the airline industry, with a breath of expertise in aerospace and aviation. The experience of the firm’s professi onals extends from traditional applications in logistics and resource allocation to more innovative applications in strategic planning. GMS is a management consulting company supporting clients in strategic planning and business development. GMS focuses in planning, marketing and sales, and assists clients in developing and implementing business strategies.GMS experts facilitate the evaluation of the business environment, forecast and analysis of market scenarios, and development of organizational structures by applying a wide range of state-of-the-art analytical tools and business methods, resulting in optimized financial and operational performance of clients. GMS ensures efficient project realization through a network of cooperation partners – from complete IT solutions up to personnel training. About GMS†¦ www. gms-beratung. de

Back to the Playground †Theology Essay

Back to the Playground – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Back to the Playground Theology Essay I’m spending a lot more time at playgrounds lately. My grandchildren are coniseurs of playgrounds. When they come to visit, I usually ask them what they want to do. Invariably, they excitedly sing out, â€Å"Let’s go to the park!† Park to them means a playground. They can’t conceive of a park without a playground. I’ve learned some valuable lessons at the playground. On our last trip to a playground, two of my grandchildren came along. They had just put clean clothes on and it had rained during the night. So I was a little apprehensive about the puddles of water on the playground. It wasn’t long before I spotted Kaitlyn on the playground digging through the rocks and mud. Just before I was about to scold her for getting her clothes dirty, she came running toward me with an outstretched arm and a smile on her face. When she got to me she handed me a little heart-shaped rock and said, â€Å"Here PaPa! Here is a heart for you – just because I love you! Keep it!† With tears in my eyes, I thanked her. Did I scold her for getting her clothes muddy? What do you think? No way! And, yes, I still have that little heart-shaped rock given to me by my four-year-old granddaughter. It is one of the best gifts that I have ever received. I realized that many times we miss out on so much when we sweat the small stuff. We need to spend a lot more time at the playground. Jesus said, â€Å"Except you be converted and become as little children, you shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven. Whosoever, therefore, shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven† (Matthew 18:3-4). What are some things we can learn on the playground to help us live simple, stress free lives? First – SIMPLICITY enables us to relax and have peace. Jesus revealed that those who live in humility as a little child are the greatest in the kingdom of God. Children enjoy the simple things in life. We often take things too seriously. Prolonged seriousness will kill. It will kill your joy and, worse, it will kill your child-likeness. As adults, we tend to make things too complicated. When David was a shepherd boy, he dared to believe with childlike faith that God would deliver the giant Goliath into his hands. He spurned all of the body armor and weapons that King Saul gave him. Instead, he met the giant on the battlefield with his simple sling and five smooth stones. He figured it was simple – the giant was so big he couldn’t miss! Who won? That’s simple – God plus one is always the majority. (See I Samuel 17.) Second – SING. Sing a silly song sometimes. Children love to sing. The Bible says, â€Å"A merry heart doeth good like medicine† (Proverbs 17:2). (See Proverbs 15:13 and Ephesians 5:18-19.) Have you lost your song? Ask God to give you a new song to sing. (See Psalm 98:1.) Third – STAY LOOSE. Children are not normally uptight and worried about life. Ask yourself, â€Å"Will this matter a year from now?† I picked up a great little book the other day that had an intriguing title – Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff . . . and it’s all small stuff by Richard Carlson PhD. It is Dr Carlson’s premise that whenever we’re dealing with bad news or troublesome situations, most of us get into certain habits, ways of reacting to life that don’t serve us very well. We overreact, tend to blow things out of proportion, hold on too tightly, and focus on the negative. We live our life as if it was one huge emergency! Stay loose – don’t sweat the small stuff. (See Matthew 6:25-34.) Fourth – SHARE. Children usually love to share. Giving is fun and it doesn’t have to be expensive or elaborate. Have you ever seen the delight of two children sharing an ice cream cone or simply jumping through mud puddles or dancing in the rain? I saw a wonderful bumper sticker not too long ago. It said, â€Å"Practice Random Acts of Kindness and Senseless Acts of Beauty†. Practicing random or spontaneous acts of kindness is an effective way to get in touch with the joy of giving without expecting anything in return. It’s even more rewarding when you don’t let anyone know what you are doing. Remember that Jesus said, â€Å"It is more blessed to give than to receive†. Also, why not take time each day and think of someone to thank? Fifth – SPRITIUAL VITALITY brings everlasting and abundant life. Children are naturally attuned to the spiritual. Only as people grow older do they become hardened and insensitive to the spiritual. That’s why we need to go back to the playground and become as little children. Jesus warns us, â€Å"I assure you, unless you turn from your sins and become as little children, you will never get into the Kingdom of Heaven† (Matthew 18:3 NLT). Perhaps you need to sing that old children’s song again, â€Å"Jesus loves me this I know. For the Bible tells me so. Little ones to Him belong. They are weak, but He is strong. Yes, Jesus loves. Yes, Jesus loves me.† Do you need to go back to the playground of childlike simplicity and humility? In childlike faith ask Jesus Christ to come into your life. â€Å"For as many as received Him gave He power to become children of God even those who believed on His name† (John 1:12). Research Papers on Back to the Playground - Theology EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Hockey Game

L 1 9 - Presentation Skills ( 2 ) Essays - Visual Arts, Free Essays

L 1 9 - Presentation Skills ( 2 ) Essays - Visual Arts, Free Essays L 1 9 - Presentation Skills ( 2 ) The Question and Answer Session The audience may show their interest in your presentation by asking questions, seeking clarification, or commenting on the content. You should welcome questions and always be polite to the questioner. 1397014795500 Why is the Q and A session important? Watch the video clip "Q and A". Task 1 - Challenges from the audience 399605518859500 558673028321000 Complete exercises 6.4 - 6.6 on pages 104-105 of your textbook. [CD Track 24] Task 2 - Asking for and giving more information Complete exercises 7.1 - 7.2 on page 131 of your textbook. [CD Track 32] If an audience member asks you a question but you can't hear him very well, ask him to repeat the question . F or example: I'm sorry, could you say that again? Could you repeat the question please? I'm afraid I didn't quite catch that. If you are not sure exactly what the question means, you might want to check that you have interpreted it correctly . F or example: Am I correct in thinking that? Do you mean? Are you saying that? Does this mean that? If you really don't know the answer to a question, you could politely thank the questioner and say: Thank you for your question. I'm not exactly sure about that. I'll try to find out and let you know later. Visual Aids Many speakers in presentations present words and images visually using PowerPoint, overhead transparencies (OHT), a whiteboard or blackboard, or a flip chart. These v isual aids are intended to enhance your presentation and to help your audience understand it more clearly. The best presentations are generally those where the presenters address the audience directly without reading from a prepared script . Visual aids help you to achieve this by becoming your prompts, reminding you briefly of the main points you want to make during your talk, and by helping your audience to follow what you are saying. PowerPoint Presentations PowerPoint is becoming the norm at many professional presentations because of its ease of use and the variety of functions it offers. In your presentation, you are strongly encouraged to use PowerPoint slides to illustrate your ideas. These slides should support, but not take over, your presentation . They can provide a change of focus for the audience, but should not distract their attention, so it is important that the aids be relevant and complementary. 4351077-1524000 Your PowerPoint slides should: have a clear layout with plenty of space; use large plain fonts (minimum 20 points); be in note form but n ot in paragraphs ; contain accurate English with no spelling mistakes; use clearly visible colours for contrast. For academic presentations, it is best not to add irritating sounds or too many transition effects which detract from what you are saying. Cartoon-style clip art can appear rather frivolous when presenting serious data. Animated figures, while appropriate in other settings, can send confusing signals to an academic audience. Avoid the temptation to put all your script on to slides. Too many slides can be distracting to your audience and can lead to disaster if they become mixed up. Try to limit the number of slides to one or two for every minute of talking. 532014515528600 Task 3 Your Lecturer is going to show you 4 examples of PowerPoint p resentations . In groups, w atch the presentations and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of them . Be prepared to report back to the class. PowerPoint 1 PowerPoint 2 PowerPoint 3 PowerPoint 4 Task 4 Watch the youtube video entitled " Don McMillan: Life After Death by PowerPoint " (4m24s) and arrange the following mistakes in the order as mentioned by the speaker in the video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpvgfmEU2Ck F Most common PowerPoint mistakes 42386251778000 A. clashing background and font colors B. using the default font casually C. overusing bullet points D. forgetting to run spell check E. too many animation effects F. too many slides G. too much data in slides H. putting every word you say on the slide I. using irritating sound effects J. forgetting to cite the sources 44177532921000 Task 5 - Preparing slides for presentations Complete exercise 7.1

Analysis of Authentic Leadership Literature review

Analysis of Authentic Leadership - Literature review Example This kind of leadership is also focused in empowering others so that they can also be in a position of making difference, in this regard, it is proper to construe that they are not megalomaniacs and kleptomaniacs who have legendary interest in power, prestige, and money. Authentic leadership also draws their guidance from the mind and the heart- it practices guidance that is heart-based and at the same time hinged on compassion and passion (Hames 2007, p.88). Authentic leadership is also thoughtful and demonstrates the qualities of the mind and lead with purpose, meaning, and values. Their relationship is strong and genuine and this attracts people to them because they demonstrate consistency, reliability, and strength. Authentic leadership does not compromise on the values that they believe in even in the most difficult situation that they are pushed to the walls; instead, they are dedicated to learning and personal growth owing to the subscription in this kind of leadership that it takes a lifetime to be a leader. ... To have emotional intelligence can be looked into four cardinal perspectives; perceiving emotions, understanding emotions, reasoning with emotions and managing emotions. In the perception of the emotion, one should be in a position of making a deduction on one’s emotion just by observing the body language and the facial expression (Bradberry 2009, p.54). In this regard, you will be able to know people’s feeling without saying a word to them. Identification of the emotion plays a significant role in emotional intelligence and in this reference, one needs to be equipped with the ability. Reasoning with emotion, on the other hand, means making a choice whether it is prudent to engage to the person’s emotions or not. In addition to this, one also needs to understand emotions, and it involves conceiving the emotions manifested by people and interpreting them correctly to know what they mean. Lastly, management of the emotions involves taking control of your own emotio ns so that you can beat non-polarized state when making a response to others (Zeidner, Gerald, and Roberts 2009, p.81).  Ã‚  

Criminal Justice - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal Justice - - Essay Example In Shawshank Redemption, Andy was imprisoned after killing his wife and her lover despite his claims of innocence. After the prison warder had realized that Andy was an accountant by profession, he began protecting him. This is because he knew that he would assist him in his money laundering scam (Cole, Christopher and Christina 95). Conover’s depiction of prison guards is different from that of Shawshank Redemption. This is because Conover condemned the bad picture, which portrays the correctional officers as bad people, mindlessly authoritarian, and inherently sadistic. For example, Conover demonstrated this by acting as an example in Sing Sing Prison. He interacted with prison wardens and inmates closely unlike at first where there was a greater gap between the correctional officers, prison wardens, and inmates. Conover described this portrayal as unsympathetic and inaccurate image of the guards. Conover portrayed prison guards as multidimensional characters. This is because they are neither good nor bad, but they are simply struggling in difficult circumstances. Conover recommended that the prison guards should be given full support since they have critical roles in administering justice. This is in terms of working environment, remuneration, and housing. It has been obvious that inmates are the most brutalized in the prisons. This is because guards are mistreating them by denying them their rights in the prison. For example, they might be bitten to an extent that they are injured. Others go for some days without food and even taking bath. The brutal exercise might even extend to other people who are not in prison. These are, for example, the relatives of the inmates. The relatives are coming to the prison to visit their people, but they are sometimes denied to talk or even greet the inmates. Though they are not physically brutalized, they are psychologically disturbed

Do Freshmen Students need RAs at Miami University Term Paper

Do Freshmen Students need RAs at Miami University - Term Paper Example The decision by Miami University to have RAs on campus is very important. A wide range of services provided by RAs help in creating a supportive environment for freshmen, many of whom are away from home for the first time Office of Residence Life ( Office of Residence Life, 2015). The RAs have been helpful in serving the residents as well as granting them a certain level of independence at the same time. It is evident that RAs have been great sources of advice and campus resources to new students that may otherwise be unable to acquire the same resources. RAs serve this purpose most importantly by being friendly and relatable as well as by serving as peer advisors for fellow students. They have organized and transformed halls of residence thereby eliminating confusion and surprise among new students, and instead increased comfort and satisfaction of campus life among residents. The effectiveness of RAs at the University is evident through their ability to deal with conflicting situat ions in halls of residence as well as helping green freshmen to understand university activities. Therefore, the decision of having RAs in halls of residence should be embraced across all higher learning institutions to promote smooth and friendly transition process among freshmen students. The following interviews with two freshmen at the university confirmed the role and importance of RAs in helping freshmen students attain smooth transition process to college life. Kayla: E-mail Address: Lawsonk2@miamioh.edu

Capital Markets Midterm Questions and Solutions Essay Example for Free

Capital Markets Midterm Questions and Solutions Essay 2 percent for each question 1. Liquidity is the ease with which an asset can be exchanged for money 2. The concept of adverse selection helps to explain why the ï ¬ nancial system is heavily regulated 3. The Fed can inï ¬â€šuence the fed fund interest rate by selling T-bills, which ____reserves, thereby ____the federal fund rate. removes, raising 4. Standard Repos are very low risk loans 5. A 4-year bond pays an annual coupon of 3.5%. If the interest rate equals 2.75% per year, how much do you have to pay to buy the equivalent of a $1,000,000 bond face value? $10 0280 000 6. Unanticipated deï ¬â€šation implies a a decline in net worth, as price levels fall while debt burden remains unchanged. 7. What is the annualized discount rate on a Treasury bill that you purchase for $9,900 and that will mature in 91 days for $10,000? 3.96% 8. Moral hazard is a problem arising from only A and B of the above 9. A discount loan by the Fed to a bank causes a(n) ____ in reserves in the banking system and a(n) ____ in the monetary base. increase; increase 10. The standard deï ¬ nition of the shadow banking systemt includes money market funds, hedge funds, and pools of securitized assets Comprehensive Questions (30 percent) 6 percent for each question 1) The ï ¬ nancial system is important because it channels funds, reduces asymmetric information problems, provides an eï ¬Æ'cient payment system, and helps to manage risk. Explain the remaining functions that the ï ¬ nancial system performs. Besides these functions, the ï ¬ nancial system provides ways for invididuals to pool their resources. For instance, some investment projects generate a positive NPV, but require a large initial down payment. Dividing ownership into many individual shares provides an eï ¬Æ'cient way to pool individual resources in order to ï ¬ nance these investment projects. The ï ¬ nancial system also provides liquidity to market participants. This is important because corporations and individuals do not have the same time-horizon. Therefore, it would be very diï ¬Æ'cult for corporations to get long-term sources of funding without these liquidity services. Finally, the ï ¬ nancial system provides important information to ï ¬ nancial investors, corporate managers, and political leaders. This information is critical to improve the decision-making process. For instance, managers may use the information observed in the ï ¬ nancial system to compute the NPV of investment projects. 2) One of your friend tells you: The main function of the ï ¬ nancial system is to channel funds from lenders to borrowers. This function can be performed interchangeably by capital markets or ï ¬ nancial institutions. Do you agree? Why? It is true that both capital markets and ï ¬ nancial institutions are useful in channeling funds from lenders to borrowers. However, they diï ¬â‚¬er in a fundamental way. Contrary to capital markets, ï ¬ nancial institutions are extremely good at dealing with asymmetric information problems. This is due to the private nature of their activities. By avoiding free-riding, banks can bare the substantial costs of screening and monitoring borrowers. Therefore, corporations for which asymmetric information problems are substantial (e.g., small corporations), rely heavily on banks’ funding. If banks cut lending, as it was the case during the recent crisis, these companies do not have the option of receiving funding from capital makets, and must reduce their activities. Therefore, some of the functions performed by banks cannot be performed interchangeably by capital markets. 3) What is Quantitative Easing and how does it diï ¬â‚¬er from the standard tool used by the Fed to expand the monetary base? What was the stated purpose of Quantitative Easing? Quantitative Easing refers to the central bank’s policy of buying long-term securities, speciï ¬ cally mortgage-backed securities and 10—year Treasury bonds. This is diï ¬â‚¬erent from the standard approach used by the Fed. Traditionally, the Fed expands the monetary base by implementing an open-market purchase of T-bills. The stated purpose of Quantitative Easing was to decrease the yield of these long-term securities. From the viewpoint of borrowers, this decrease would help them get lower reï ¬ nancing conditions, thus easing pressure in these markets. From the viewpoint of lenders, this decrease in yield may render these securities less attractive. Therefore, lenders may be willing to start buying risky assets again, thus improving economic conditions. 4) One student argues: If more customers want to borrow funds at the prevailing interest rate, a ï ¬ nancial institution can easily increase its proï ¬ ts by raising interest rates on its loan. Is this statement true, false, uncertain? Explain your answer. The situation faced by the bank is the following: it has limited resources and sees a lot of clients willing to borrow money, creating excess demand. The statement above is uncertain. A priori, we might believe that if the bank increases the interest rate, it is able to eliminate this excess demand and generate additional proï ¬ ts (there would be an increase in both the proï ¬ t per loan and the quantity of loans). However, this reasoning assumes that the credit quality of the borrowers stays constant. This may not be true because raising the interest rate also increases adverse selection. To illustrate, consider the used-car market. If buyers observe an increase in the number of people interested in selling their cars, they may want to oï ¬â‚¬er a lower price. But a lower price gives incentive to the sellers of good cars to leave the market, leaving only sellers of lemons. As a result, the average quality of the cars purchased by buyers will decrease. A large part of the excess demand observed by the bank is driven by poor credit ï ¬ rms. After increasing the interest rate, the bank observes that these ï ¬ rms still agree to borrow, i.e., their poor credit quality should be charged an even higher interest rate. On the contrary, this higer interest rate may discourage good ï ¬ rms from borrowing from this bank because the loan becomes too expensive. As a result, the relative importance of bad ï ¬ rms over good ones increases, leading to a decrease in the average ï ¬ rm quality. This decrease in quality may lead to higher default rates and to a decrease in the bank’s proï ¬ t. 5) What is meant by a ï ¬â€šight to safety/liquidity? When does it occur? How can it trigger these negative spirals on the value of the banks’ balance sheet? A ï ¬â€šight to safety/liquidity commonly describes the behaviour of investors when they attempt to sell the risky/illiquid assets they hold in their portfolio and move towards safe/liquid assets. This ï ¬â€šight typically occurs in times of crisis when the investors’ willingness to take risks decreases signiï ¬ cantly. Since banks mostly hold risky and illiquid assets, these ï ¬â€šights to safety have a strong impact on their asset value. As their capital gets curtailed, their risk proï ¬ le increases, making investors and depositors more worried about the potential losses they may incur. Because these lenders give money on a short-term basis, they can quickly go to the bank and ask for their money back. Then, banks have to scramble for liquidity and sell their risky/illiquid assets. When many banks try to sell simultaneously, the price of these assets will go further down. For instance, suppose that in normal times, the bank would have to sell 15% of its assets to reimburse lenders. As many institutions sell simultaneously, the bank has to sell more than 15%. Observing these additional losses, investors and depositors may want to further reduce the amount they are willing to lend, aggravating the liquidity issues face by banks. Overall, these eï ¬â‚¬ects reinforce each other, creating a spiraling eï ¬â‚¬ect. Understanding Interest Rates (30 percent) 15 percent for question 1, 10 for question 2, and 5 for question 3 1) In February 2010, a column in the Wall Street Journal warns: Be wary of long-term bonds The risk of higher expected inï ¬â€šation is in due course. Longer-term bonds are the most at risk. Using the supply and demand analysis studied in class, plot a graph that clearly explains the eï ¬â‚¬ect of an increase in expected inï ¬â€šation on the bond price. Why are longer-term bonds more at risk? Explain whether your analysis would be diï ¬â‚¬erent if you were to examine the impact on the price of TIPS. Since the coupon rate paid by US government bonds is ï ¬ xed in nominal terms, news of higher expected inï ¬â€šation leads to a decrease in the real rate of return oï ¬â‚¬ered by these bonds. As a result, the demand curve moves to the left as investors want to invest their money in securities with better return prospects. In addition, the supply curve moves to the right as corporations can borrow at lower costs in real terms. Because of these two shifts, we observe a large excess supply of bonds at the initial interest level. This excess supply will lead to a decrease in the bond price and a increase in the interest rate until the new equilibrium is reached. This eï ¬â‚¬ect, called the Fisher eï ¬â‚¬ect, is shown in the graph below: The eï ¬â‚¬ect is likely to be stronger for long-term bonds because investors are stuck with ï ¬ xed nominal payments for a long-time period. As a result, the only way to be compensated for higher inï ¬â€šation during many years is to buy the bond at a suï ¬Æ'ciently low price today. Intuitively, we can capture this price sensitivity using duration, as we know that the duration of a long-term bond is above that of a short-term bond. The analysis would be completely diï ¬â‚¬erent for TIPS because their coupon payments adjust for changes in inï ¬â€šation. As a result, any news of future inï ¬â€šation simply means that the future coupon payments in nominal terms will be higher. As a result, the price is not sensitive to changes in expected inï ¬â€šation. 2) In the Financial Times in February 2011, Professor Siegel from the Wharton School talks about the decline in the real yield of TIPS: Recently, the yields on these bonds have collapsed to levels that would have been uninimaginable just a few years ago. Last October, the real yield on the US 10-year TIPS plunged to 36 basis points. Professor Siegel argues that an important factor driving this result is the increase in inï ¬â€šation risk. Why do US investors currently perceive that inï ¬â€šation risk is higher than usual? Explain why this increase in inï ¬â€šation risk can lead to (i) an increase in the demand for TIPS relative to bonds; and (ii) a decrease in the TIPS interest rate. There are two sources of concerns regarding future inï ¬â€šation. First, the central bank has greatly expanded its monetary base during the recent ï ¬ nancial crisis—at the end of 2009, its value was close to $2 trillion. For the moment, banks are not aggressively lending, implying that the growth rate of the monetary base is somewhat disconnected from that of the money supply. But failure from the Fed to reduce the monetary base as lending activity resumes may lead to higher inï ¬â€šation. Second, the ï ¬ scal position of the US government has deteriorated substantially over the past few years, leading to a downgrade of the credit rating attached to its bonds. If the future growth rate in the economy is not suï ¬Æ'ciently high and if the US government is not able to reduce deï ¬ cits, it may have no option but inï ¬â€šate the debt away. This will of course lead to higher inï ¬â€šation. Overall, these two issues create important uncertainty about the future path of inï ¬â€šation. Contrary to bonds, TIPS are protected against inï ¬â€šation. If there is higher inï ¬â€šation risk, bonds become riskier relative to TIPS. Using our supply and demand framework, the demand for bonds moves to the left, while the demand for TIPS moves to the right. At the initial price, there is an excess demand for TIPS, driving the TIPS price up and its interest rate down, consistent with Professor Siegel’s arguments. 3) Professor Siegel also argues that: As economic growth recovers and real rates rise, the price of TIPS will fall. Can you ï ¬ nd a simple explanation of this statement based on our supply and demand framework? Economic growth means that the business cycle is in an expanding phase. In this case, we can rely on the relation between business cycle expansions and the interest rate seen in class. First, the demand curve for bonds move to the right because of the wealth eï ¬â‚¬ect, as people have more money to invest in the capital market (bonds, stocks,). On the supply side, business cycle expansions are related to an increase in the ï ¬ rms’ expected proï ¬ tability. As a result, the supply curve moves to the right. Based on empirical evidence, the move of the supply curve tends to be more important than the one observed for the demand. At the initial level of interest rate, there is an excess supply, leading to an decrease in bond price, and an increase in the interest rate. This is consistent with the yield reaction discussed by Professor Siegel. Bond Market (20 percent) 5 percent for each question Consider the following bonds: Annual interest rate Maturity Annual coupon Price Duration Bond X 5% 8 years 3% 87.1 7.2 Bond Y 8% 3 years 3% 87.1 ? 1) One of your friends tells you: the fact that the price of these two bonds is the same is not consistent with theory. Without making any computation, explain whether you agree with your friend. Your friend is not right. These two bonds are both quoted below par value, because their respective yield to maturity is lower than the coupon rate. If these two bonds had the same maturity, the price of bond Y should be lower than the price of bond X because investors require a higher interest rate to hold bond Y. However, the maturity of bond Y is lower. Although the annual diï ¬â‚¬erential between the interest rate and the coupon rate is higher for bond Y, this diï ¬â‚¬erential has to be given during 3 years only. For bond X, the annual diï ¬â‚¬erential between the interest rate and the coupon rate is lower, but it has to be given during 8 years. In our case, these two eï ¬â‚¬ects (diï ¬â‚¬erent ratings and diï ¬â‚¬erent maturities) oï ¬â‚¬set each other and the two prices are exactly the same. The information shown in the table is therefore perfectly consistent with theory. 2) Compute the duration of bond Y and compare it with that of bond X. Is the diï ¬â‚¬erence consistent with theory?